Assessment of the State of Urban & Rural Water Supply Program in Plateau State, Nigeria; Case of the Southern Region
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper seeks to assess the state of Urban & Rural Water Supply program in the Southern Region of Plateau State, Nigeria, by examining the current level of water supply services and by the examination of the existing institutional linkages and relationships among actors and stakeholders, foster coordination and collaboration in all service delivery arrangements. This is with a view to make recommendations towards improving and enhancing access to water and transferring competencies for community-led service delivery. A mixed method approach was used to assess the status of WASH services, satisfaction level and Mapping of communities with existing water supply facilities to decide their spatial distribution and attributes. The qualitative based evidence from 6 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with ward leaders from 6 case studies (communities) and the existing documents reviewed (WASH department at LGCs within the study area). A multiple sectioned questionnaire was used in the survey and the sections include; The tool used is the UNICEF–WaterAid WASH program. The questionnaires were administered and returned representing 80% returned rate. Based on response 0.9 rate for the Cronbach’s Alpha of the data shows coefficients used to test for reliability or consistency. The results revealed that 82% of rural settlements were dispersed, with such settlements having limited access to basic amenities, improved water sources, and 62% of the communities having such access. The institutional linkages indicated that there is a weak institutional linkage to make water readily available within the zone, affecting adequacy of water supply within the zone. However, schools (57%), PHCs (69%), and public spaces (55%) all have improved water points, hence efforts need to be put in place to address the disparities in sanitation and water access to improve the quality of life generally. Based on the results obtained, recommendations were made to help the policy makers, practitioners and the academia.
Downloads
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Daloeng, H.M. (2006). The sustainability of rural water supply projects in districts of Qua’an Pan L.G.A Plateau State. An Unpublished M.Sc. Geography Thesis of University of Jos, Nigeria.
Jidauna, G.G., Dabi, D. D., Saidu, B., Abaje, B. & Ndabula C. (2013). Assessment of well water quality in selected locations in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. International Journal of Marine, Atmospheric and Earth Sciences, 1(1), 38-46.
Jidauna, G. G., Dabi, D. D., Saidu, B. J., Ndabula, C., & Abaje, I. B. (2014). Chemical water quality assessment in selected locations in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 284-291
Milkecha C, & Itefa H (2020). Hydraulic performance analysis and modeling of water supply distribution system of Addis Ababa science and Technology University. Preprints, Ethiopia.
National Population Commission (NPC), (2016). Population projected data 2016. National population estimate. https://nationalpopulation.gov.ng.Accessed 23 November, 2021.
Omada, R.M. (2018). Spatial Analysis of access to domestic water supply in Gyel district of Jos South Local government Area, Plateau, Nigeria. Gombe Journal of Geography and Environmental Studies (GOJGES), 1 (2),1-8.
Pietrucha-Urbanik K, Tchórzewska-Cieslak B (2018). Approaches to failure risk analysis of the water distribution network with regard to the safety of consumers. Water 10(11), 16-23.
Ryeshak, G.A, Amobi AK, Lekwot V.E., Yakubu.A.A. Kwesaba D.A & Sahabo A.A. (2015). Population increase and water supply in Nigeria cities:, Case Study of Jos in Plateau state, Nigeria. International Journal of multidisciplinary and Current Research. ISSN:2321-3124www. Ijmcr.com.
IRC Wash. (n.d.). Community Water Supply in Developing Countries. Retrieved from https://www.ircwash.org/sites/default/files/71-IRC76-949.pdf
Asian Development Bank. (2020). Transforming Urban–Rural Water Linkages into High-Quality Investments. Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/625561/urban-rural-water-high-quality-investments.pdf
NCBI. (2019). Water Supply Challenges in Rural Areas: A Case Study from Central Kazakhstan. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6427320/
ResearchGate. (2023). Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Developing Countries. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367942753_Rural_Water_Supply_And_Sanitation_In_Developing_Countries.
Tandfonline. (2012). The Urbanization of Rural Water Supply Systems in Developing Countries. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4296/cwrj1204061.
Customer satisfaction survey: the case of urban water supply services in Southern Region, Ethiopia. (n.d.). IWA Publishing. Retrieved from https://iwaponline.com/wpt/article-abstract/12/4/1009/38673/Customer-satisfaction-survey-the-case-of-urban?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Assessment of customer satisfaction with the water supply system in low-income countries: a case of Adama City, Ethiopia. (n.d.). ResearchGate. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377518627_Assessment_of_customer_satisfaction_with_the_water_supply_system_in_low-income_countries_a_case_of_Adama_City_Ethiopia
Abelkassim, A.B, Daniel, R.A. & Esayas, A. (2024).Assessment of customer satisfaction with the water supply system in low-income countries: a case of Adama City, Ethiopia. Journal of Water Science & Technology Water Supply, 24(18), 12-19.
Abubakar, I. R. (2016). Quality dimensions of public water services in Abuja, Nigeria. Journal of Utility Policy (38), 43–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2015.
Maina, M.S, & Haji, A.A. (2017). Spatial Distribution of Public Potable Water Facilities Using GIS Technique in Misau Town, Bauchi State. Nigeria. International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98.
Katun, M.J., Alhaji, A.A., Zango, B.M., & Zainab, K. (2021). Geostatistical Application For Spatial Distribution Of Water Supply Facilities Towards Achieving The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Journal of Baltic Surveying (15), 31-38.
WHO. (2016). World health statistics 2016: Monitoring health for the sustainable development goals SDGs. World Health Organisation.
Seixas, C.S. & Berkes, F. (2010). Community-based enterprises: the significance of partnerships and institutional linkages. International Journal of the Commons. 4(1), 183-212.
Malik, S., Yusof, N & Roosli, R. (2022). Institutional stakeholder collaborations (ISCs): a conceptual framework for housing research. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 37(3), 12-19.
Wapwera, S.D., Mallo, M. D, & Jiriko, G.K., (2015). Institutional framework and constraints in the urban and regional planning system in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Geography and Regional Planning. 8(10), 244-260.
Zhou X, & Hesketh T. (2017). High sex ratios in rural China: declining wellbeing with age in never-married men. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 372: 20160324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0324
Ziyok. I. M. (2018). Evaluation of the performance of Plateau state water board in provision of potable water in Plateau State. Unpublished PhD. Thesis at Department of Geography, University of Jos, Nigeria